Crypto Crime Doubled in 2019, but Still Under 1% of Transactions

Published at: Feb. 11, 2020

It’s a new decade with an old problem for law enforcement officials: How do you stop cybercriminals from stealing billions of dollars in cryptocurrency and using it for illicit purposes? These kinds of criminal activities range from selling illicit drugs, firearms, documents, identities and ransom schemes, to flat out stealing assets — more than $40 billion was noted as fraudulent in the first nine months of 2019, according to a Chainalysis report. 

The report highlights that illicit activity doubled from 0.04% in 2018 to 0.08% in 2019. While this percentage is still small, some in the crypto community note that it may not properly reflect true illegal activities. Dean Karakitsos, co-founder and CEO of Bloxy, a blockchain analytics company, discussed the latest findings with Cointelegraph:

“The Crypto Crime Report does not determine an evident method on how it calculates the size of the darknet markets in terms of users. Assumptions support that darknet, in general, is a marketplace that all transactions in there are illegal and are happening between criminals using cryptocurrencies. A black box approach. That means any hidden network that runs Tor to protect users against censorship and participants transact in cryptocurrencies that market is part of darknet and participants are called criminals.”

While the black box approach creates a dispute surrounding the data’s efficacy, cryptocurrencies used in terrorism impacts not only the victims but also threatens entire countries and their populations — not to mention the harm on the cryptocurrency brand. These include fundraising, illegal drug and arms trafficking, cyber-attacks and the illicit transfer of funds, according to a recent RAND study.

In her report “How Terrorists use Encryption, the Darknet, and Cryptocurrencies,” Nikita Malik highlights major trends in how terrorists use these entities to their advantage. Terrorists use encryption to hide tools intended to recruit new members, including propaganda and location data. Cryptocurrency is then used to evade detection while conducting fundraising activities to carry out the terrorist plot. 

She points out that cryptocurrencies offer the same benefits of “hawala” networks that terrorists have used for years to transfer money. These trust-based networks provide the secrecy and anonymity that lets these organizations function under the radar. The movement of assets via exchanges allows these organizations to brazenly fundraise without fear of significant retribution.

While the risk of terrorist funding using cryptocurrency is becoming more apparent, governments are rapidly acknowledging the value in developing knowledge about digital currencies. As the G-7 points out, provide “innovative potential of the underlying technology.” Darknet activities can eventually be easily traced and detected when law enforcements gain a better understanding. 

An established market

At the conclusion of 2019, there were at least 49 active dark markets, so both users and vendors are not short on choices for darknet activity. In an interview with Cointelegraph, Lory Kehoe, co-founder of a government-backed advocacy group Blockchain Ireland, noted:

“Darknets are bouncing back after aggressive take-downs in 2018, and as their revenue climbs, their crypto receipts would logically also be on the increase. I’m a huge advocate for regulation in this sector. Furthermore, existing rules do not fit digital currencies, and it is entirely incumbent on states to engage in constructive dialogue to ensure that crypto is treated legitimately and can be operated with robust oversight.”

When it comes to terrorism funding, the most recent example of how sophisticated terrorist groups are in conducting cryptocurrency campaigns is evidenced in the 2019 campaign by the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades.  

This military wing of Hamas, which is considered by many western countries to be a terrorist organization, conducted one of the largest and most sophisticated cryptocurrency-based terrorism financing campaigns ever seen. The campaign — which included three sub-campaigns — provided donors with several options on how to donate and has reportedly generated tens of thousands of Bitcoin (BTC) for the organization.

How can law enforcement help curtail the use of cryptocurrencies for terrorist activities? There is no clear answer. While the problem of criminals finding a way to use new technology and systems for illicit purposes is not new, the threat of terrorist organizations finding more ways to leverage cryptocurrency in the quest to radicalize and fund their deadly organizations looms large.

The United Nations Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee notes the critical mechanism development needed for law enforcement to effectively save lives. For prosecution and effective law enforcement, these mechanisms will need to properly transcribe and transfer the necessary paper trail, something public blockchains can provide. 

Exchanges play a critical role in combatting terrorism in this sector by being able to trace transactions to fiat endpoints. Cooperation with law enforcement, combined with federal and international regulations, will help ensure that terrorist activities related to digital currency are quickly identified and dealt with by the appropriate authorities. Dr. Wulf Kaal, principal at Kaal.io, discussed the reason for the uptick with Cointelegraph:

“As it becomes easier to onboard or exit, small scale criminal activity, ransoms etc are increasing proportionally. I have not seen a correlation dataset but as the increases in ransom hacking attacks, for example, are associated with the use of cryptocurrencies.”

When it comes to the future of cryptocurrency and darknet activities, it must be noted that CBDC’s will severely restrict terrorists’ abilities to move in and out of fiat currencies. Meanwhile, the overarching control of blacklists will remain in the control of governments, and those cryptocurrencies were created to replace such centralized control in the first place.

Tags
Law
Related Posts
CoinEx crypto exchange to remove all mainland China users in October
CoinEx cryptocurrency exchange is winding down operations in mainland China to comply with local anti-crypto regulations. The company officially announced on Thursday that it was going to completely retire user accounts verified as mainland China citizens as well as those linked to a mobile phone number from mainland China. The exchange has asked mainland China-based users to withdraw their crypto assets from the platform before Oct. 31, 2021. CoinEx then plans to disable accounts with zero assets starting from Thursday, Sept. 30. “All access will no longer be available to your accounts,” the exchange stated. Despite CoinEx’s aggressive measures to …
Bitcoin / Sept. 30, 2021
Poloniex settles charges with SEC for operating unregistered exchange
The United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, has charged crypto exchange platform Poloniex for breaching securities trading regulations. According to an announcement by the SEC on Monday, Poloniex offered trading of cryptocurrencies deemed securities to U.S. investors on its platform between July 2017 and November 2019 without duly registering as a securities broker in violation of Section 5 of the Exchange Act. The SEC’s indictment also stated that employees of the exchange actively sought to circumvent securities regulation in a bid to increase the company’s market share. According to the Commission’s enforcement chief Kristina Littman: “Poloniex chose increased …
Bitcoin / Aug. 9, 2021
Russia: Bitcoin Activity Rising Despite Strict Law Proposals
A branch of the Russian federal government has recently published a draft of new litigation called “On Digital Financial Assets,” which is focused on enforcing strict cryptocurrency laws in the country. The legislation has not been approved yet and has been in discussion since 2018. The new laws define Bitcoin as property but not legal tender, and propose, among many other things, that Bitcoin (BTC) miners register as individual companies so they can be appropriately taxed. President Putin is planning on developing and revealing a new tax for Bitcoin miners by July 1, but many are skeptical about the government’s …
Blockchain / July 1, 2020
Google Keeps Promoting Crypto Scams Despite Strict Crypto Policies
While Google’s subsidiary, YouTube, is facing a lawsuit for promoting cryptocurrency scams, Google’s advertising platform continues to display fraudulent crypto ads through its advertising network. According to a report by Bitcoin (BTC) crypto exchange, CoinCorner, Google Ads was running an ad for CoinCorner’s phishing clone website, CoinCornerr.com. The issue was reported by CoinCorner’s marketing manager, Molly Spiers, on April 30. Google Ads promotes a crypto scam but doesn’t want to promote a real firm Spiers told Cointelegraph that CoinCorner’s team first noticed the fraudulent ad on Thursday morning after searching for “CoinCorner” on Google.com and Google.co.uk. According to the executive, …
Bitcoin / April 30, 2020
Investor Sues Bitstamp and Gatehub Over Millions in Missing Coins
Canadian cryptocurrency investor, Salim Satir, has filed a lawsuit against cryptocurrency exchanges, Gatehub and Bitstamp, with the High Court of Justice of England and Wales over $4.9 million in purported losses. The plaintiff claims that the losses resulted from misleading statements on Gatehub’s website purporting to detail its Bitcoin (BTC) to Ripple (XRP) trading function, in addition to the wrongful retention of 872 Bitcoin Cash (BCH) amid the August 2017 Bitcoin fork. Investor accidentally purchases ‘Bitcoin IOUs’ from Gatehub Satir alleges that information provided on Gatehub’s website mislead him as to “the operation and effect of the Bitcoin/Ripple exchange function” …
Bitcoin / April 19, 2020